Budding through the plasma membrane and release of the virions.Assembly of the virion at the host cellular membrane and packaging of the viral RNA genome.Translation of unspliced viral RNAs produces Env, Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins.Nuclear export of the incompletely spliced RNAs.Transcription of provirus by Pol II produces viral spliced and unspliced RNAs.Nuclear entry of the viral dsDNA which is covalently and randomly integrated into the cell's genome by the viral integrase (=provirus integration).ssRNA(+) genome is copied into a linear dsDNA molecule by the reverse transcriptase.TM glycoprotein mediates fusion with cell membrane. Virus attaches to host receptors through the SU glycoprotein.Polyprotein protease (Peptidase A2, A3 or A9).The spliced mRNA encodes env that is cleaved into SU and TM envelope proteins. This gives rise to the unspliced full length mRNA that will serve as genomic RNA to be packaged into virions or used as a template for translation of gag(pro) and gag(pro)-pol (1 ribosomal frameshift) polyproteins. The integrated provirus utilizes the promoter elements in the 5' LTR to drive transcription. There are also a primer binding site (PBS) at the 5'end and a polypurine tract (PPT) at the 3'end. The LTRs contain the U3, R, and U5 regions. There are two long terminal repeats (LTRs) at the 5' and 3' ends. Monopartite, linear, dimeric, ssRNA(+) genome of about 7-11 kb, with a 5'-cap and a 3'poly-A tail. Enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic in shape, 80-100 nm in diameter.
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